ABSTRACT

This paper presents a novel workflow that integrates circular economy principles into architecture, focusing on the utilisation of low-value timber by-products. The workflow is demonstrated through the digital fabrication of a full-scale proof-of-concept structure, harnessing forest thinnings from a wastewater-irrigated plantation. These irregular, thin tree logs are transformed into bespoke architectural elements while minimising waste. Employing advanced digital tools, including interactive form-finding, inventory-constrained part assignment, and combinatorial equilibrium modelling (CEM) – the process accommodates material variability while maintaining design flexibility. Real-time collaboration between remote designers and on-site teams streamlines harvesting, processing, and transport, optimising production efficiency and reducing environmental impacts. By eliminating reliance on traditional standardisation, this method enhances material utilisation, retains embodied carbon, and supports sustainable construction practices. The full-scale proof of concept structure validates the workflow, showcasing its resource efficiency and potential scalability. This study evaluates the applicability of such workflows in sustainable construction and identifies opportunities for further exploration of their environmental and economic benefits in larger-scale applications.